Johann Caspar von Orelli (
February 13, 1787–January 6, 1849), was a
Swiss classical scholar.
He was born at
Zürich of a distinguished Italian family which had taken refuge in Switzerland at the time of the
Protestant Reformation. His cousin,
Johann Conrad Orelli (1770-1826), was the author of several works in the department of later
Greek literature.
From
1807 to
1814 Orelli worked as preacher in the reformed community of
Bergamo, where he acquired the taste for
Italian literature which led to the publication of
Contributions to the History of Italian Poetry (1810) and a biography (1812) of
Vittorino da Feltre, his ideal of a teacher.
In
1814 he became teacher of modern languages and history at the cantonal school at
Chur; in
1819, professor of eloquence and
hermeneutics at the Carolinum in Zürich, and in 1833 professor at the new
University of Zürich, the foundation of which was largely due to his efforts. His attention during this period was mainly devoted to classical literature and antiquities. He had already published (1814) an edition, with critical notes and commentary, of the
Antidosis of
Isocrates, the complete text of which, based upon the manuscripts in the Ambrosian and Laurentian libraries, had been made known by
Andreas Mystoxedes of
Corfu.
The three works upon which his reputation rests are the following:
#A complete edition of
Cicero in seven volumes (1826-1838). The first four volumes contained the text (new ed., 1845-1863), the fifth the old Scholiasts, the remaining three (called
Onomasticon Tullianum) a life of Cicero, a bibliography of previous editions, indexes of geographical and historical names, of laws and legal formulae, of Greek words, and the consular annals. After his death, the revised edition of the text was completed by
JG Baiter and
K Halm, and contained numerous emendations by
Theodor Mommsen and
JN Madvig.
#
The works of Horace (1837-1838). The exegetical commentary, although confessedly only a compilation from the works of earlier commentators, shows great taste and extensive learning, although hardly up to the exacting standard of modern criticism.
#
Inscriptionum Latinarum Selectarum Collectio (1828; revised edition by
W Henzen, 1856), extremely helpful for the study of Roman public and private life and religion. His editions of
Plato (1839-1841, including the old
scholia, in collaboration with
A. W. Winckelmann) and
Tacitus (1846-1848) also deserve mention.
He was a most liberal-minded man, both in politics and religion, an enthusiastic supporter of popular education and a most inspiring teacher. He took great interest in the struggle of the Greeks for independence, and strongly favoured the appointment of the notorious
J. F. Strauss to the chair of
dogmatic theology at Zürich, which led to the disturbance of
September 6 1839 and the fall of the liberal government.
