Photograph of Cannonball Adderley.
Cannonball Adderley

Overview

Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley (September 15 1928August 8 1975), was a jazz alto saxophonist of the small combo era of the 1950s and 1960s. Originally from Tampa, Florida, he moved to New York in the mid 1950's.

The nickname "Cannonball" was a childhood nickname for the portly saxophonist, a corruption of "cannibal". An articulate speaker with an easy manner, Cannonball educated, amused, and informed his audiences in clubs and on television about the art and moods of jazz (he was a music teacher before beginning his jazz career).

An educator and a saxophonist

His educational career was long established prior to teaching applied instrumental music classes at Dillard High School in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Cannonball was a local legend in Florida until he moved to New York City in 1955.

He joined the Miles Davis sextet in 1957, around the time that John Coltrane left the group to join Thelonious Monk's band. (Coltrane would return to Davis's group in 1958). Adderley played on the seminal Davis records Milestones and Kind of Blue. Davis had this to say of Adderley's style: "He had a certain spirit. You couldn't put your finger on it, but it was there in his playing every night." This period also overlapped with pianist Bill Evans's time with the sextet, an association that led to recording Portrait of Cannonball and Know What I Mean?.

A band leader

The Cannonball Adderley Quintet featured Cannonball on alto sax and his brother Nat Adderley on cornet. Adderley's first quintet was not very successful. However, after leaving Davis' group, he reformed another, again with his brother, which enjoyed more success.

The new quintet (which later became the Cannonball Adderley Sextet), and Cannonball's other combos and groups, included such noted musicians as: *pianists Bobby Timmons, Victor Feldman, Joe Zawinul (later of Weather Report), and George Duke *bassists Sam Jones, Walter Booker and Victor Gaskin *drummers Louis Hayes and Roy McCurdy *saxophonists Charles Lloyd and Yusef Lateef.

The sextet was noteworthy towards the end of the 1960s for achieving crossover success with pop audiences, but doing it without making artistic concessions.

Avant-garde movement

By the end of 1960s, Adderley's playing began to reflect the influence of the electric jazz avant-garde, and Miles Davis' experiments on the radical album Bitches Brew. On his albums from this period, such as The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (1970), he began doubling on soprano saxophone, showing the influence of John Coltrane and Wayne Shorter.

Adderley died of a stroke in 1975. He was buried in the Southside Cemetery, Tallahassee, Florida. Joe Zawinul's composition "Cannon Ball" (recorded on Weather Report's album Black Market) is a tribute to his former leader.

Songs made famous by Adderley and his bands include 'This Here' (written by Bobby Timmons), 'The Jive Samba', 'Work Song' (written by Nat Adderley), 'Mercy, Mercy, Mercy' (written by Joe Zawinul) and 'Walk Tall' (written by Zawinul, Marrow and Rein). A cover version of Roebuck Staples' 'Why (Am I Treated So Bad)?' also entered the charts.

Adderley was a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity of America Incorporated (Xi Omega, Frostburg State University, '70), the largest and oldest secret society in music and Alpha Phi Alpha, the oldest existing intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African Americans (made Beta Nu chapter, Florida A&M University).http://www.rso.cornell.edu/alpha/prominent/prominent.html

Rolling Stones founder Brian Jones named both of his sons Julian, allegedly in honor of Adderley.

Selected discography

;As a leader * Julian Cannonball Adderley and Strings (1955) * Jump For Joy (1957) * Portrait of Cannonball (1958) * Somethin' Else (1958) - with Miles Davis, Hank Jones, Sam Jones, Art Blakey * Things Are Getting Better (1958) * Cannonball Adderley Quintet in Chicago (1959) - with John Coltrane * Quintet in San Francisco (1959) * Cannonball and Coltrane (1959) * At the Lighthouse (1960) * Them Dirty Blues (1960) * Know What I Mean? (1961) - with Bill Evans * African Waltz (1961) * The Quintet Plus (1961) * Nancy Wilson/Cannonball Adderley (1961) * In New York (1962) * Cannonball's Bossa Nova (1962) * Jazz Workshop Revisited (1963) * Nippon Soul (1963) * Fiddler on the Roof (1964) * Domination (1965) - Orchestrated and arranged by Oliver Nelson * Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at 'The Club' (1966) * Cannonball in Japan (1966) * Why Am I Treated So Bad! (1967) * 74 Miles Away (1967) * Radio Nights (1967) * Accent On Africa (1968) * Country Preacher (1969) * The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (1970) * The Black Messiah (Live) (1972) * Inside Straight (1973) * Pyramid (1974) * Phenix (1975) * Big Man (1975) (Musical with Joe Williams and Randy Crawford)

;with Miles Davis *
Milestones (1958) * Miles & Monk at Newport (1958) (Monk performance is separate from Davis and Adderley performance) * Jazz at the Plaza (1958) * Porgy and Bess (1958) * Kind of Blue (1959)

;as a producer *
Wide Open Spaces (1960) - David Newman * A Portrait of Thelonious (1961) - Bud Powell * Don Byas & Bud Powell - Tribute To Cannonball'' (1961)
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This biography says:

...The new quintet (which later became the Cannonball Adderley Sextet), and Cannonball's other combos and groups, included such noted musicians as: *pianists Bobby Timmons, Victor Feldman, Joe Zawinul (later of Weather Report), and George Duke *bassists Sam Jones, Walter Booker and Victor Gaskin *drummers Louis Hayes and Roy McCurdy *saxophonists Charles Lloyd and Yusef Lateef....

That biography says:

...Lateef also made numerous contributions to other people's albums including his time as a member of Cannonball Adderley's Quintet from 1962-64....

This biography says:

...The new quintet (which later became the Cannonball Adderley Sextet), and Cannonball's other combos and groups, included such noted musicians as: *pianists Bobby Timmons, Victor Feldman, Joe Zawinul (later of Weather Report), and George Duke *bassists Sam Jones, Walter Booker and Victor Gaskin *drummers Louis Hayes and Roy McCurdy *saxophonists Charles Lloyd and Yusef Lateef...

That biography says:

...First coming to prominence with saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, Zawinul went on to play with trumpeter Miles Davis, and to become one of the earliest musicians to play jazz fusion, which blended jazz with rock and roll...

This biography says:

...;as a producer * Wide Open Spaces (1960) - David Newman * A Portrait of Thelonious (1961) - Bud Powell * Don Byas & Bud Powell - Tribute To Cannonball'' (1961)

This biography says:

...Rolling Stones founder Brian Jones named both of his sons Julian, allegedly in honor of Adderley.

This biography says:

;As a leader * Julian Cannonball Adderley and Strings (1955) * Jump For Joy (1957) * Portrait of Cannonball (1958) * Somethin' Else (1958) - with Miles Davis, Hank Jones, Sam Jones, Art Blakey * Things Are Getting Better (1958) * Cannonball Adderley Quintet in Chicago (1959) - with John Coltrane * Quintet in San Francisco (1959) * Cannonball and Coltrane (1959) * At the Lighthouse (1960) * Them Dirty Blues (1960) * Know What I Mean? (1961) - with Bill Evans * African Waltz (1961) * The Quintet Plus (1961) * Nancy Wilson/Cannonball Adderley (1961) * In New York (1962) * Cannonball's Bossa Nova (1962) * Jazz Workshop Revisited (1963) * Nippon Soul (1963) * Fiddler on the Roof (1964) * Domination (1965) - Orchestrated and arranged by Oliver Nelson * Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at 'The Club' (1966) * Cannonball in Japan (1966) * Why Am I Treated So Bad! (1967) * 74 Miles Away (1967) * Radio Nights (1967) * Accent On Africa (1968) * Country Preacher (1969) * The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (1970) * The Black Messiah (Live) (1972) * Inside Straight (1973) * Pyramid (1974) * Phenix (1975) * Big Man (1975) (Musical with Joe Williams and Randy Crawford)...

That biography says:

...Up to the 1960s Blakey also recorded as a sideman with many other musicians: Jimmy Smith, Herbie Nichols, Cannonball Adderley, Miles Davis, Grant Green, and Jazz Messengers graduates Lee Morgan and Hank Mobley, amongst many others...

This biography says:

;As a leader * Julian Cannonball Adderley and Strings (1955) * Jump For Joy (1957) * Portrait of Cannonball (1958) * Somethin' Else (1958) - with Miles Davis, Hank Jones, Sam Jones, Art Blakey * Things Are Getting Better (1958) * Cannonball Adderley Quintet in Chicago (1959) - with John Coltrane * Quintet in San Francisco (1959) * Cannonball and Coltrane (1959) * At the Lighthouse (1960) * Them Dirty Blues (1960) * Know What I Mean? (1961) - with Bill Evans * African Waltz (1961) * The Quintet Plus (1961) * Nancy Wilson/Cannonball Adderley (1961) * In New York (1962) * Cannonball's Bossa Nova (1962) * Jazz Workshop Revisited (1963) * Nippon Soul (1963) * Fiddler on the Roof (1964) * Domination (1965) - Orchestrated and arranged by Oliver Nelson * Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at 'The Club' (1966) * Cannonball in Japan (1966) * Why Am I Treated So Bad! (1967) * 74 Miles Away (1967) * Radio Nights (1967) * Accent On Africa (1968) * Country Preacher (1969) * The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (1970) * The Black Messiah (Live) (1972) * Inside Straight (1973) * Pyramid (1974) * Phenix (1975) * Big Man (1975) (Musical with Joe Williams and Randy Crawford)...

That biography says:

...After several years as a freelance player, which included engagements with Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman, and recordings with such artists as Lester Young, Milt Jackson and John Coltrane on their Bags & Trane, Cannonball Adderley, and Wes Montgomery. From 1959 through 1975 Jones was staff pianist for CBS studios. This included backing such guests as Frank Sinatra on “The Ed Sullivan Show.” With his rare combination of talents as a strong soloist, sensitive accompanist, and adept sight-reader, Jones has always been in great demand for recording sessions of all kinds, and may be heard on thousands of albums...

This biography says:

;As a leader * Julian Cannonball Adderley and Strings (1955) * Jump For Joy (1957) * Portrait of Cannonball (1958) * Somethin' Else (1958) - with Miles Davis, Hank Jones, Sam Jones, Art Blakey * Things Are Getting Better (1958) * Cannonball Adderley Quintet in Chicago (1959) - with John Coltrane * Quintet in San Francisco (1959) * Cannonball and Coltrane (1959) * At the Lighthouse (1960) * Them Dirty Blues (1960) * Know What I Mean? (1961) - with Bill Evans * African Waltz (1961) * The Quintet Plus (1961) * Nancy Wilson/Cannonball Adderley (1961) * In New York (1962) * Cannonball's Bossa Nova (1962) * Jazz Workshop Revisited (1963) * Nippon Soul (1963) * Fiddler on the Roof (1964) * Domination (1965) - Orchestrated and arranged by Oliver Nelson * Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at 'The Club' (1966) * Cannonball in Japan (1966) * Why Am I Treated So Bad! (1967) * 74 Miles Away (1967) * Radio Nights (1967) * Accent On Africa (1968) * Country Preacher (1969) * The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (1970) * The Black Messiah (Live) (1972) * Inside Straight (1973) * Pyramid (1974) * Phenix (1975) * Big Man (1975) (Musical with Joe Williams and Randy Crawford)...

That biography says:

Crawford first polished her craft at club gigs from Cincinnati to Saint-Tropez, but made her name in mid 1970s in New York, where she sang with jazzmen George Benson and Cannonball Adderley. Along the way she has rubbed elbows with Bootsy Collins, Johnny Bristol, Quincy Jones, Al Jarreau and others...

This biography says:

...He joined the Miles Davis sextet in 1957, around the time that John Coltrane left the group to join Thelonious Monk's band. (Coltrane would return to Davis's group in 1958)...

That biography says:

...His playing was compressed, as if whole solos passed in a few seconds, with rapid runs cascading in hundreds of notes per minute. He stayed with Davis until April 1960, working with, in due course, alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley; pianists Red Garland, Bill Evans, and Wynton Kelly; bassist Paul Chambers; and drummers Philly Joe Jones and Jimmy Cobb...

This biography says:

...You couldn't put your finger on it, but it was there in his playing every night." This period also overlapped with pianist Bill Evans's time with the sextet, an association that led to recording Portrait of Cannonball and Know What I Mean?.

This biography says:

...;as a producer * Wide Open Spaces (1960) - David Newman * A Portrait of Thelonious (1961) - Bud Powell * Don Byas & Bud Powell - Tribute To Cannonball'' (1961)

That biography says:

...Buttercup was keeping control of his finances and also over-dosing him with Largactil, but he continued to perform and record — the 1960 live recording of the Essen jazz festival performance (with Clarke, Oscar Pettiford and on some numbers Coleman Hawkins) is particularly notable. In December 1961 he recorded two albums for Columbia Records under the aegis of Cannonball Adderley - A Portrait of Thelonious (with Michelot and Clarke), and A Tribute to Cannonball (with the addition of Don Byas and Idrees Sulieman — despite the title, Adderley only plays on one alternate take)...

That biography says:

...Olatunji recorded with many other prominent musicians, including Cannonball Adderley (on his African Waltz album), Horace Silver, Quincy Jones, Pee Wee Ellis, Stevie Wonder, Randy Weston, and with Max Roach and Abbey Lincoln on the pivotal Freedom Now Suite aka We Insist, and with Grateful Dead member Mickey Hart on his Grammy winning Planet Drum projects...

That biography says:

...Another key example of her improvisational skills and rhythmic surety is her cover of "Them There Eyes" with Canadian jazz pianist Oscar Peterson; the song is laid out at a furiously fast tempo, but O'Day pushes the lyrics out at full speed for one chorus, scats another at a Cannonball Adderley pace, then playfully paraphrases the lyrics at half-tempo for her last chorus. O'Day's song interpretations typically reflected a sly, playful sensibility (see, for example, her cover of "An Occasional Man" with Cal Tjader's band, a much more sex-kittenish interpretation than that of Peggy Lee, among others)...

That biography says:

...Other musical influences include: Jimi Hendrix, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Paul Hindemith, Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, The Band, Santana, Frank Zappa, Bob Marley, Tommy Cogbill, Ray Charles, Charles Mingus, John Coltrane, Otis Redding, James T. Doggington, Cannonball Adderley and Jerry Jemmott. According to Bill Milkowski's biography "Jaco: The extraordinary and tragic life of Jaco Pastorius" he was also heavily influenced by Johann Sebastian Bach...

That biography says:

...Also of note, was the album's sample material, largely based around jazzy loops and snippets from artists such as Cannonball Adderley, Roy Ayers, Rotary Connection, and Les McCann. Through these samples, the group employs the use of horns, rhodes, bass guitar and vibes, giving the album a distinctively ethereal feel...

That biography says:

...To support his family of eight, Montgomery worked in a factory from 7:00 am to 3:00 pm, then performed in local clubs from 9:00 pm to 2:00 am. Cannonball Adderley heard Montgomery in an Indianapolis club and was floored. He helped sign Montgomery to a recording contract and recorded with him on his Pollwinners album...

That biography says:

...Over the years up to 2005, Newman has recorded over thirty-five albums under his own name, including his first, Ray Charles-Presenting David "Fathead" Newman (1959) and second, Wide Open Spaces, which was produced by Cannonball Adderley, the following year. Always a musicians' musician, Newman is best known for his hard bop style that has influenced whole generations of saxophone players of different genres...

That biography says:

...The album features such jazz and fusion luminaries as saxophonists Wayne Shorter, Pete Christlieb and Tom Scott, drummer Steve Gadd and ex-Cannonball Adderley pianist/vibist Victor Feldman. It also featured Becker's trademark clean, jazzy guitar leads as a prominent solo voice where they had only appeared sporadically in prior releases...
How is Cannonball Adderley connected to David Axelrod (musician)? Tell the world.

That biography says:

Mendes formed the Sexteto Bossa Rio and recorded Dance Moderno in 1961. Touring Europe and the United States, Mendes recorded albums with Cannonball Adderley and Herbie Mann and played Carnegie Hall. Mendes moved to the U.S. in 1964 and cut two albums under the Brasil '65 group name with Capitol Records and Atlantic Records...

That biography says:

...Blues", which is probably the most notable of the 5 tunes named for him. He recorded with many other important musicians, including Cannonball Adderley, Donald Byrd, Sonny Rollins, Freddie Hubbard, Jackie McLean, Hank Mobley, and Bud Powell, Bill Evans, Walter Benton, Herbie Hancock, Blue Mitchell, Curtis Fuller, Benny Golson, Kenny Dorham, Yusef Lateef, Lee Morgan, Art Blakey, Roy Haynes, Hampton Hawes, Wayne Shorter, Paul Quinichette, Philly Joe Jones, Wes Montgomery, Ike Quebec, Stanley Turrentine, Grant Green, Zoot Sims, Johnny Griffin, Nat Adderley, Horace Silver, Hank Jones, Abbey Lincoln, Lorez Alexandria as well as recording as a leader.

That biography says:

...Once graduated, he quickly acquired a reputation as the pre-eminent bop saxophonist of the day; although he did not copy Charlie "Bird" Parker, bop's greatest saxophonist, he was known as the New Bird, a label which was also attached to other alto players such as Sonny Stitt and Cannonball Adderley at one time or another in their careers....
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