Sir Ranulph Twistleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet OBE (born 7 March 1944), usually known simply as Ranulph (Ran) Fiennes, is a British adventurer and holder of several endurance records. He was the first man to visit both the north and south poles by land and the first man to completely cross the Antarctic by foot.

Fiennes was born in England shortly after the death of his father, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 2nd Baronet, who was killed in action in the Second World War at Monte Cassino in 1943. On his birth Fiennes inherited his father's baronetcy, becoming the 3rd Baronet. After the war his mother moved the family to South Africa where he remained until he was 12. Ranulph then returned to be educated at Eton, after which he joined the British Army.

Ranulph Fiennes married his childhood sweetheart Virginia Pepper ("Ginny") in 1970; the two remained married until her death in February 2004. He has since remarried.

He is the third cousin of Hollywood film actors Joseph and Ralph Fiennes, and is a distant cousin of Britain's royal family. Despite having almost no acting experience, Ranulph Fiennes was on the shortlist to replace Sean Connery in the role of James Bond. Fiennes was summarily rejected on meeting Bond producer Cubby Broccoli, who said his hands were too big and he had "a face like a farmer". Fiennes owns and operates a sheep and cattle farm near Dulverton on Exmoor.

Fiennes served eight years in the British army — in his father's regiment, the Royal Scots Greys — and was later seconded to the Special Air Service, where he specialised in demolitions. He admitted in his autobiography to cheating on the notoriously harsh SAS endurance test known as the Long Drag.

Service life was enlivened by various scrapes and escapades, including an occasion when Fiennes and a brother officer procured a very lively, squirming piglet, smothered it with tank grease and slipped it into the crowded ballroom of the army's Staff College, Camberley. On another occasion, offended by the construction of an ugly concrete dam built by a US film company for the production of the film Doctor Dolittle in the Wiltshire village of Castle Combe — reputedly the prettiest village in England — Fiennes demolished the dam. He used explosives which he later claimed to have obtained legitimately from the armoury. Using skills from a recently completed training course on evading search dogs by night, he escaped capture, but he and a guilty colleague were both subsequently traced. After a court case, Fiennes had to pay a hefty fine but he and his co-conspirator were discharged from the SAS. Fiennes was initially posted to another cavalry regiment but was then allowed to return to his regiment.

Becoming disillusioned by his British Army service, in particular his career prospects, he spent the last two years of his service seconded to the army of the Sultan of Oman. At the time, Oman was a British protectorate with a growing communist insurgency supported from neighbouring South Yemen. Fiennes had a crisis of conscience soon after arriving in Oman, as he became aware of the Sultan's poor government. However he decided that the oppression threatened by a communist takeover, combined with moves towards progressive change within the Sultanate system, justified his part in the conflict. After familiarisation, he commanded the Reconnaissance Platoon of the Muscat Regiment, seeing extensive active service in the Dhofar Rebellion. He led several raids deep into rebel-held territory on the Djebel Dhofar and was decorated for bravery by the Sultanate.

Since the 1960s Fiennes has been an adventurer. He led expeditions up the White Nile on a hovercraft in 1969 and on Norway's Jostedalsbreen Glacier in 1970. Perhaps his most famous trek was the Transglobe Expedition he undertook from 1979 until 1982. Fiennes, Oliver Shepard and Charles Burton journeyed around the world on its polar axis using surface transport only, covering 52,000 miles and becoming the first people to have visited both poles by land. http://www.transglobe-expedition.org

In 1992 Fiennes led an expedition that discovered the lost city of Ubar in Oman. The following year he joined nutrition specialist Mike Stroud in an attempt to become the first to cross Antarctica unaided. Having crossed the continent in 90 days, they were forced to call for a pick-up on the Ross Ice Shelf, frostbitten and starving, on day 95.

In 2000, he attempted to walk solo and unsupported to the North Pole. The expedition failed when his sleds fell through weak ice and Fiennes was forced to pull them out by hand. He sustained severe frostbite to the tips of all the fingers on his left hand, forcing him to abandon the attempt. On returning home, his surgeon insisted the necrotic fingertips be retained for several months (to allow regrowth of the remaining healthy tissue) before amputation. Impatient at the pain the dying fingertips caused, Fiennes removed them himself (in his garden shed) with a fretsaw.

Despite suffering from a heart attack and undergoing a double heart bypass operation just four months before, Fiennes joined Stroud again in 2003 to carry out the extraordinary feat of completing seven marathons in seven days on seven continents in the Land Rover 7x7x7 Challenge for the British Heart Foundation. Their route:

:26th October - Race 1: Patagonia, South America :27th October - Race 2: Falkland Islands, "Antarctica" :28th October - Race 3: Sydney, Australia :29th October - Race 4: Singapore, Asia :30th October - Race 5: London, Europe :31st October - Race 6: Cairo, Africa :1st November - Race 7: New York, North America

Originally Fiennes had planned to run the first marathon on King George Island, Antarctica. The second marathon would then have taken place in Santiago, Chile. However, bad weather and aeroplane engine trouble caused him to change his plans, running the South American segment in southern Patagonia first and then hopping to the Falklands as a substitute for the Antarctic leg.

Speaking after the event, Fiennes said the Singapore marathon had been by far the most difficult because of high humidity and pollution. He also said his cardiac surgeon had approved the marathons, providing his heart-rate did not exceed a 130 beats per minute; Fiennes later confessed to having forgotten to pack his heart-rate monitor, and as such does not know how fast his heart was beating.

Fiennes reached 28,500ft in a 2005 attempt to climb Everest. He has joined the Victoria Falls Expedition, celebrating the 150th Anniversary of David Livingstone's discovery of Victoria Falls (this expedition started on 2 November, and originally took David Livingstone four years).

In March 2007, despite a morbid, lifelong fear of heights, Fiennes undertook a personal challenge to climb the Eiger by its much-feared North Face, with sponsorship totalling £1.5 million to be paid to the Marie Curie Cancer Care Delivering Choice Programme.

Fiennes's career as an author has developed alongside that of explorer. He is the author of 13 books in fiction and non-fiction. In 2003 he published a biography of Captain Robert Scott which proved a robust defence of Scott's achievements and reputation which had been strongly questioned by biographers such as Roland Huntford. Although others have made comparisons between Fiennes and Scott, Fiennes says he identifies more with Captain Oates, another member of Scott's doomed Antarctic team.

His works include: * Where Soldiers Fear to Tread, (1975), ISBN 0-3401-4754-7, account of service in the Dhofar Rebellion. * To The Ends of the Earth (1983) ISBN 0-340-25277-4, account of the Transglobe Expedition. * Living Dangerously (1987) ISBN 0-7515-0434-3, autobiography. * The Feathermen (1992) ISBN 0-7475-1049-0 * Atlantis of the Sands: The Search for the Lost City of Ubar (1992) ISBN 0-451-17577-8 * Mind Over Matter: The Epic Crossing of the Antarctic Continent (1993) ISBN 0-385-31216-4 * The Sett (1996) ISBN 0-434-00267-4, fiction * Beyond the Limits (2000) ISBN 0-316-85458-1 * Captain Scott (2003) ISBN 0-340-82699-1, account of Robert Falcon Scott's south polar expeditions. * The Secret Hunters<i> (2001) ISBN 0-316-85869-2, http://www.crevassefilms.com/

Fiennes stood for the Countryside Party in the 2004 European elections in the South West England region — fourth on their list of six. The party received only 30,824 votes — insufficient for any of their candidates to be elected.

He is also a council member of the libertarian pressure group The Freedom Association.

In 1970, while serving with the Omani Army, Fiennes received the Sultan's Bravery Medal. In 1983 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Loughborough University, and later received the Royal Geographical Society's Founders Medal. In 2007, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree at the University of Abertay Dundee.

Fiennes was appointed OBE in 1993 "for human endeavour and for charitable services" — his expeditions have raised £5 million for good causes. In 1995 he was awarded the Polar Medal - he is the only person ever to receive a bar to this award, having visited both poles.

In a 2007 Top Gear special, the presenters travelled to the Magnetic North Pole in a car. Sir Ranulph was given recognition by having his name placed before every surname in the closing credits: </i>"Sir Ranulph Clarkson, Sir Ranulph Hammond, Sir Ranulph May"...''.

Sir Ranulph's current profile: 1 * Collins Fragile EarthPhotographic views of a changing world with foreword from Sir Ranulph Fiennes * * Foreword to 'Beyond the Setting Sun- 6000 miles on foot for hospice' by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Skinner%3C%2Fa%3E" title="Colin%20Skinner%3C%2Fa%3E">Colin Skinner</a> * Ain't No Mountain High Enough - Interview by Liz Scarff for bmi Voyager Magazine October 2007, discussing Sir Fiennes' climb of the Eiger