Nelson Smock Riddle, Jr. (June 1, 1921 – October 6, 1985) was a well-known American bandleader, arranger and orchestrator whose career spanned from the late 1940s until the early 1980s. Riddle is perhaps best known for his 1950s work for Capitol Records, providing jazzy big-band style arrangements to accompany such vocalists as Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Judy Garland, Peggy Lee, Louis Prima and Keely Smith. Later, his arranging talents were also used by Ella Fitzgerald, Shirley Bassey, Matt Monro, Linda Ronstadt, and others.

Riddle was born in Oradell, New Jersey, the only child of Marie Albertine Riddle and Nelson Smock Riddle, Sr. Following his father's interest in music, he began taking piano lessons at age eight and trombone lessons at age fourteen. After his graduation from Ridgewood High School, Riddle spent his late teens and early 20s playing trombone in and occasionally arranging for various local dance bands, culminating in his association with the Charlie Spivak Orchestra.

In 1943, Riddle joined the Merchant Marine where he continued his musical work. After his enlistment term ended, Riddle travelled to Chicago to join the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra in 1944; he remained the orchestra's third trombone for eleven months until drafted by the United States Army in April, 1945.

Just months after Riddle entered the Army, World War II ended and he was discharged in June 1946 after only fifteen months on active duty. Riddle moved shortly thereafter to Hollywood to pursue his career as an arranger, and spent the next several years ghostwriting arrangements for more established names in the music business, and also serving on the arranging staff at NBC.

In 1950, Riddle was hired by arranger Les Baxter to write arrangements for a recording session with Nat King Cole; this was one of Riddle's first associations with Capitol Records. Although one of the songs Riddle had arranged, "Mona Lisa", soon became the biggest selling single of Cole's career, the work was credited entirely to Baxter. However, once Cole learned the true identity of the arrangement's creator, he sought out Riddle's work for other sessions, and thus began a fruitful partnership that furthered the careers of both men at Capitol.

During the same year, Riddle also struck up a conversation with Vern Yocum, (born George Vernon Yocum) a big band jazz musician (brother of Pied Piper, Clark Yocum) who had transitioned into music preparation servicing Frank Sinatra. He also worked for Nat King Cole and other entertainers at Capitol Records. A collaboration followed with Vern becoming Riddle's "right hand" as copyist and librarian for the next thirty years.

In 1952, Capitol Records executives viewed the up-and-coming Riddle as a prime choice to arrange for the newly-arrived Frank Sinatra. Sinatra was reluctant however, preferring instead to remain with Axel Stordahl, his long-time collaborator from his Columbia Records years. When success of the first few Capitol sides with Stordahl proved disappointing, Sinatra eventually relented and Riddle was called in to arrange his first session for Sinatra, held on April 30, 1953. The first product of the Riddle-Sinatra partnership, "I've Got The World On A String", became a runaway hit and is often credited with relaunching the singer's slumping career. His personal favorite, a Sinatra ballad album, "Only the Lonely."

He also supervised and arranged music for the legendary Judy Garland. Known for her distict style of singing, Riddle emphasized appraching a song "more gingerly." Showing the beloved singer that it was the surprises in a song that led to it's greatness, Garland recorded what is now considered her finest work. Never were her voice, the music arrangements or selections of songs better than the work she recorded fro Capitol alongside Riddle's direction.

Riddle was to stay at Capitol for another decade, during which time he continued to arrange for Sinatra and Cole, in addition to such Capitol artists as Dean Martin, Keely Smith, Sue Raney, and Ed Townsend. He also found time to release his own instrumental albums on the label, most notably "Hey...Let Yourself Go" (1957) and "C'mon...Get Happy" (1958), both of which peaked at a respectable number twenty on the Billboard charts.

In 1962, Riddle orchestrated two albums for Ella Fitzgerald, Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson, and Ella Swings Gently with Nelson, their first work together since 1959's Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Songbook. The mid-1960s would also see Fitzgerald and Riddle collaborate on the last of Ella's 'Songbooks', devoted to the songs of Jerome Kern (Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Jerome Kern Songbook) and Johnny Mercer (Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Johnny Mercer Songbook).

In 1963, Riddle joined Sinatra's newly-established label Reprise Records. Much of his work in the 1960s and 1970s was for film and television, including his hit theme song for Route 66, steady work arranging episodes of Batman and other television series, and the scores of several motion pictures including the Rat Pack features Robin and the Seven Hoods and the original Ocean's Eleven.

In the latter half of the 1960s, the partnership between Riddle and Frank Sinatra grew more distant as Sinatra began increasingly to turn to Don Costa, Billy May and an assortment of other arrangers for his album projects. Although Riddle would write various arrangements for Sinatra until the late 1970s, Strangers In The Night, released in 1966, was the last full album project the pair completed together. The collection of Riddle-arranged songs was intended to expand on the success of the title track, which had been a number one hit single for Sinatra arranged by Ernie Freeman.

During the 1970s, the majority of his work was for film and television, including the score for the 1974 version of The Great Gatsby, which earned Riddle his first Academy Award after some five nominations. In 1973, he served as musical director for the Emmy Award winning The Julie Andrews Hour. Nelson Riddle also made numerous concert appearances throughout the 1970s, some of which were led by his good friend, Tommy Shepard.

1982 also saw Riddle work for the last time with Ella Fitzgerald, on her last orchestral Pablo album, The Best Is Yet to Come. Arrangements for Linda Ronstadt's "What's New" (1983) and "Lush Life" (1984) won Riddle his second and third Grammy Awards (the last was awarded posthumously in 1986).

In 1982, Riddle was approached by Linda Ronstadt, then considered the leading female voice in rock n roll, to write arrangements for an album of pop standards Ronstadt had been contemplating since her stint in Pirates of Penzance. The agreement between the two, resulted in a three-album contract which included what were to be the last arrangements of Riddle's career. Linda recalls that when she approached Nelson, she didn't know if he had ever heard of her, turns out he hadn't. He hated rock n roll, for obvious reasons, but his daughter was a Ronstadt fan and told her father "don't worry her checks won't bounce."

When Nelson took on Ronstadt's desire to learn more about Traditional Pop Music and record with her, he insisted on a whole album or nothing and was at first skeptical but once he agreed his career turned upside down immediately , because, she was the queen of rock during this period. For her to do, as she called it, "elevator music," was a great surprise to the young audience. Joe Smith, the president of Elektra, was terrified that the albums would turn off the rock audience. The three albums together sold over seven million copies and brought Nelson back to a young audience. The younger audience hated what Nelson had done with Sinatra, and a big orchestra was something they would have no part of, but suddenly working with Linda, Nelson became a hero. It brought his career back into focus in the last three years of his life. Since then, this success has had a snowball effect which continues up until today.

In 1985, Riddle died at age 64 of liver ailments. He is interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Hollywood, California.

Following Nelson Riddle's death, his last three arrangements for Linda Ronstadt's For Sentimental Reasons album were conducted by Terry Woodson; the album was released in 1986.

In February 1986, Riddle's youngest son Christopher, himself an accomplished bass trombonist, assumed the leadership of his father's orchestra. The Nelson Riddle Orchestra continues touring to this day, playing tribute concerts showcasing Riddle's arrangements for Frank Sinatra and others.

Following the death of Riddle's second wife Naomi in 1998, proceeds from the sale of the Riddle home in Bel Air were used to establish the Nelson Riddle Archives at the University of Arizona, which officially opened in 2001. The opening showcased a gala concert of Riddle's works, with Linda Ronstadt as a featured guest performer.

In 2000, Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops released a Nelson Riddle tribute album entitled "Route 66: That Nelson Riddle Sound" on Telarc Records. The album showcases expanded orchestral adaptations of the original arrangements provided by the Nelson Riddle Archives, and is presented in a state-of-the-art digital recording that was among the first titles to be released on multi-channel SACD.

While in the Army, Riddle married his first wife Doreen Moran in 1945. The couple had six children: In 1968, Riddle separated from his wife Doreen; their divorce became official in 1970. A few months later he married Naomi Tenenholtz, then his secretary, with whom he would remain for the rest of his life.

Riddle was a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the national fraternity for men in music.

He attributes the inspiration for the syncopated trombone crescendos utilized in many of his arrangements to Stan Kenton's "23 Degrees North, 82 degrees West."

:"I've Got You Under My Skin" (for Frank Sinatra) :"One For My Baby (And One More For The Road)" (for Frank Sinatra) :"The Lady Is A Tramp" (for Frank Sinatra)) :"Come Rain or Come Shine" (for Judy Garland) :"Zing Went the Strings of My Heart" (for Judy Garland) :"Mona Lisa" (for Nat King Cole) :"Night and Day" (for Frank Sinatra) :"On The Street Where You Live" (for Dean Martin) :"Unforgettable" (for Nat King Cole) :"What's New" (for Linda Ronstadt) :"Witchcraft" (for Frank Sinatra)

:Batman (although Neal Hefti wrote the popular theme song, Riddle scored the actual episodes) :Li'l Abner (one of Riddle's first film assignments) :The Rosemary Clooney Show (1956) :Till There Was You (from The Music Man in 1957) :Route 66 (theme song earned Riddle a Top 40 single in 1962) :The Great Gatsby (earned Riddle a 1974 Academy Award) :A Man and His Music (1965/1966/1967 award winning television-specials for Frank Sinatra) :How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying (1967) :Paint Your Wagon (1969) :On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970) :Emergency! (1972) :The Julie Andrews Hour (1973) :<i>Bonanza (1959)

</i>'Capitol *1956 ''Lisbon Antigua'' (EP) *1956 ''The Tender Touch'' *1957 ''Hey... Let Yourself Go'' *1958 ''C'mon... Get Happy'' *1958 ''Sea of Dreams'' *1958 ''Witchcraft!'' *1959 ''The Joy of Living'' *1959 ''Sing a Song with Riddle'' *1961 ''Love Tide'' *1962 ''Love is a Game of Poker''

DRG *2006 ''Hey Diddle Riddle & Sing a Song with Riddle''

Reprise *1964 ''Hits of 1964'' *1966 ''Nat: An Orchestral Portrait of Nat "King" Cole''

RCA *1966 ''Games That Lovers Play''

United Artists *1967 ''Music for Wives and Lovers'' *1968 ''The Contemporary Sound of Nelson Riddle''

Liberty *1967 ''The Bright and the Beautiful'' *1968 ''The Riddle of Today''

Capilano *1969 ''British Columbia Suite''

Avon *1970 ''Avon Wishes You a Happy Holiday and a Joyous New Year''

Bulldog Records *1970 ''The Look of Love''

BASF *1971 ''Communication'' *1973 ''Changing Colors''

Daybreak Records<b> *1973 ''Vive LeGrand!''

*1953 ''Songs For Young Lovers'' *1954 ''Swing Easy!'' *1955 ''In the Wee Small Hours'' *1956 ''Songs For Swingin' Lovers'' *1957 ''Close to You and More'' *1957 ''A Swingin' Affair!'' *1958 ''Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely'' *1960 ''Nice 'n' Easy'' *1961 ''Sinatra's Swingin' Session!!!''

*1963 ''The Concert Sinatra'' *1963 ''Sinatra's Sinatra'' *1964 ''Sinatra Sings Days of Wine and Roses, Moon River, and Other Academy Award Winners'' *1966 ''Moonlight Sinatra'' *1966 ''Strangers in the Night''

*1959 ''Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Songbook'' *1962 ''Ella Swings Gently with Nelson'' *1962 ''Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson'' *1962 ''Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Jerome Kern Songbook'' *1964 ''Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Johnny Mercer Songbook''

*1972 ''Ella Loves Cole'' (re-released in 1978 under the title ''Dream Dancing'' with two new Fitzgerald-Riddle tracks) *1982 ''The Best Is Yet to Come''

''(All Capitol albums.)'' *1953: ''Nat King Cole Sings for Two In Love'' *1955: ''The Piano Style of Nat King Cole'' *1956: ''Ballads of the Day'' *1958: ''St Louis Blues'' *1959: ''To Whom It May Concern'' *1960: ''Wild Is Love'' *2001: ''Night Lights'' — posthumous release for both Cole and Riddle; recorded in 1955/56

*Judy Garland, ''Judy'' (Capitol Records, 1956) *Phil Silvers, ''Phil Silvers And Swinging Brass</b> (Columbia Records, 1956) *Peggy Lee, The Man I Love (Capitol Records, 1957) (conducted by Frank Sinatra) *Keely Smith, I Wish You Love (Capitol Records, 1958) *Judy Garland, Judy In Love (Capitol Records, 1958) *Peggy Lee, Jump for Joy (Capitol Records, 1958) *Mavis Rivers, Take A Number (Capitol Records, 1959) *Keely Smith, Swingin' Pretty (Capitol Records, 1959) *Dinah Shore, Dinah, Yes Indeed! (Capitol Records, 1959) *Sue Raney, When Your Lover Has Gone (Capitol Records, 1959) *Dean Martin, This Time I'm Swingin'' (Capitol Records, 1960) *Rosemary Clooney, Rosie Solves The Swingin' Riddle (RCA Records, 1961) *Dean Martin, Cha Cha De Amor' (Capitol Records, 1962) *Johnny Mathis, I'll Buy You A Star' (Columbia Records, 1962) *Shirley Bassey, Let's Face The Music (EMI, 1962) *Danny Williams, Swinging For You (HMV Records, 1962) *Keely Smith, Little Girl Blue/Little Girl New (Reprise Records, 1962) *Rosemary Clooney, Love (Reprise Records, 1962) *Various Artists, Frank Sinatra And His Friends Want You To Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas (Reprise Records, 1963) *Shirley Bassey, Shirley Bassey Sings The Hit Song From Oliver!, "As Long As He Needs Me" (United Artists Records, 1963) *Bing Crosby, Return To Paradise Islands (Reprise Records, 1964) *Oscar Peterson, Oscar Peterson And Nelson Riddle (Verve Records, 1964) *Jack Jones, There's Love And There's Love And There's Love (Kapp Records, 1965) *Antonio Carlos Jobim, The Wonderful World of Antonio Carlos Jobim (Warner Bros. Records, 1965) *Frank Sinatra, Nancy Sinatra, Frank Sinatra, Jr., Tina Sinatra, Wish You a Merry Christmas (Reprise Records, 1968) *Frank Sinatra, Jr., Spice (Daybreak Records, 1971) *Steve Lawrence, Portrait of Steve (MGM Records, 1972) *Linda Ronstadt, What's New? (Asylum Records, 1983) *Linda Ronstadt, Lush Life (Asylum Records, 1984) *Kiri Te Kanawa, Blue Skies (Decca Records, 1985) *Linda Ronstadt, For Sentimental Reasons (Asylum Records, 1986) (posthumous Riddle)

*Erich Kunzel, Route 66 - That Nelson Riddle Sound (Telarc Records, 2000)

* September in the Rain: The Life of Nelson Riddle by Peter J. Levinson, 2001 ISBN 0-8230-7672-5 * Arranged by Nelson Riddle 1985, Warner Bros. Publications. (A textbook on arranging by Riddle. Includes biography and "Personal and Musical observations")

*List of arrangers

<div class="references-small"></div>

*Official Nelson Riddle website *Nelson Riddle Archives *All Music Guide Biography