Josef Erich Zawinul (July 7 1932 – September 11 2007) was a jazz keyboardist and composer.

First coming to prominence with saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, Zawinul went on to play with trumpeter Miles Davis, and to become one of the earliest musicians to play jazz fusion, which blended jazz with rock and roll. Later, Zawinul co-founded the groups Weather Report and the world fusion music oriented Zawinul Syndicate. Additionally, he made pioneering use of electric piano and synthesizers. Zawinul won the "Best Keyboardist" award 30 times from American jazz magazine Down Beat's critics' poll.

Several artists have honored Zawinul with songs, notably Brian Eno's instrumental "Zawinul/Lava", John McLaughlin's instrumental "Jozy", Warren Cuccurullo's "Hey Zawinul" and Biréli Lagrène's instrumental "Josef".

Zawinul was born and grew up in Landstraße, in Vienna, Austria, where he went to school with the late former Austrian Federal President Thomas Klestil. His grandmother was a Sinti ("Gypsy").

Classically trained at the Vienna Conservatoire, Zawinul played in various broadcasting and studio bands before emigrating to the U.S. in 1959 on a music scholarship at Berklee College of Music. Josef was already so good that his teacher at Berklee said something to the effect that "there is nothing you can learn here", go out and start playing professionally. He played with trumpeter Maynard Ferguson, where he first met Wayne Shorter after Zawinul had an influence in hiring him. Shorter left soon thereafter to play in Art Blakey's group and Josef was apparently dismissed from the Ferguson band for wanting to have too much control over personnel decisions. Zawinul would later perform with singer Dinah Washington.

In 1961, Zawinul joined the Quintet led by saxophonist Cannonball Adderley. During his nine-year stint with Adderley, Zawinul wrote the hit song "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy." He also composed "Walk Tall" and "Country Preacher," the latter a tribute to U.S. Civil Rights Movement leader Rev. Jesse Jackson. In this title cut to the quintet's popular 1969 album, Country Preacher, Austrian-born Zawinul demonstrated a sophisticated and intimate understanding of the African/African-American concept of cool, of motion and interval. When "Country Preacher" debuted at a live recording session in Chicago at Jackson's Operation Breadbasket, it elicited enthusiastic cheers of immediate recognition from the mostly African-American audience.

In the late 1960s, Zawinul recorded with Miles Davis's studio band and helped create the sound of the Jazz fusion. Among others, he played on the album In a Silent Way, the title track of which he composed, and the landmark album Bitches Brew, for which he contributed the twenty-minute track, "Pharaoh's Dance", which occupied the whole of side one.

Zawinul is known to have played live with Davis only once, on July 10, 1991, shortly before Davis' death.

Zawinul, along with other Davis sidemen Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock, was one of the first to use electric pianos and early synthesizers like the ARP 2600 in 1973's Sweetnighter. He was among the first to use a Fender-Rhodes with a Phasing effect and a Wah-Wah pedal. His creativity and attention to detail resulted in a very contemporary and modern sound. He also has played the kalimba on Weather Report's Mysterious Traveller and Mr. Gone. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:y09as39ya3dg~T2, http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:mzsyxdkb8ol0~T2

In 1970, Zawinul cofounded Weather Report with saxophonist and Davis alumnus Wayne Shorter. Their first two years emphasized a relatively open, group improvisation format not dissimilar to what Miles Davis was doing in a more rock oriented format. However, Josef started making changes with their 3rd album, "Sweetnighter", citing he was "tired of waiting for something to happen". Funk elements such as electric bass, wah-wah pedal, etc. started to be introduced in the band's sound. Music critics generally agree that their 4th album, Mysterious Traveller, was their true breakthrough album, capturing the classic Weather Report "sound" for the first time. The musical forms were now through composed similar to classical music, and the combination of jazz harmonies with 70's groove elements launched the band into its most successful period.

Their biggest commercial success came from his composition "Birdland", a 6-minute opus featured on Weather Report's 1977 album Heavy Weather, which peaked at number 30 on the Billboard pop albums chart. "Birdland" is one of the most recognizable jazz pieces of the 1970s, covered by many prominent artists from The Manhattan Transfer to Maynard Ferguson and Jefferson Starship. Even Weather Report's version received significant mainstream radio airplay — unusual for them — and served to convert many new fans to music which they may never have heard otherwise.

Weather Report was active through the '80s, with Zawinul and Shorter remaining the sole constant members through multiple personnel shifts. Weather Report was also notable for bringing to prominence pioneering fretless bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius.

Zawinul also wrote a Symphony, called Stories of the Danube, which was commissioned by the Brucknerhaus, at Linz. It was first performed as part of the Linzer Donauklangwolke (a large-scale open-air broadcast event), for the opening of the 1993 Bruckner Festival. In its seven movements, the symphony traces the course of the Danube from Donaueschingen through various countries ending at the Black Sea. It was recorded in 1995 by the Czech State Philharmonic Orchestra, Brno, conducted by Caspar Richter.

Zawinul was hospitalized in his native Vienna on August 7 2007, only one week after concluding a six-week European tour. He died from a rare form of skin cancer (Merkel Cell Carcinoma) on September 11 2007.

*What a Difference a Day Makes (Mercury, 1960) *Dinah Washington & Brook Benton - Two Of Us (Mercury, 1960)

*Nancy Wilson and Cannonball Adderley (Capitol, 1961) *In New York (Riverside, 1962) *In Europe (Landmark, 1962) *Jazz Workshop Revisited (Riverside, 1963) *Nippon Soul (Riverside, 1963) *Live! (Capitol, 1964) *Fiddler On The Roof (Capitol, 1964) *Domination (Capitol, 1965) *Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live At The Club (Capitol, 1966) *74 Miles Away/Walk Tall (Capitol, 1967) *Why Am I Treated So Bad! (Capitol, 1967) *Accent On Africa (Capitol, 1968) *Country Preacher (Capitol, 1969) *In Person (Capitol, 1970) *The Price You Got To Pay To Be Free (Capitol, 1970) *Experience In E, Tensity, Dialogues (Capitol, 1970)

*In a Silent Way (Columbia, 1969) *Big Fun (Columbia, 1969) *Bitches Brew (Columbia, 1970) *Live-Evil (Columbia, 1971) *Directions (Columbia) *Circle In The Round (Columbia)

*Weather Report (1971) *I Sing the Body Electric (1972) *Live in Tokyo (1972) *Sweetnighter (1973) *Mysterious Traveller (1974) *Tale Spinnin' (1975) *Black Market (1976) *Heavy Weather (1977) *Mr. Gone (1978) *8:30 (1979) *Night Passage (1980) *Weather Report (1982) *Procession (1983) *Domino Theory (1984) *Sportin' Life (1985) *This is This! (1986) *Live and Unreleased (2002) *Forecast: Tomorrow (2006)

*The Rise And Fall Of The Third Stream (Vortex, 1965) *Money In The Pocket (Atco, 1966) *Zawinul (Warner, 1971) *Di-a-lects (Columbia, 1986) *My People (ESC-Records, 1996) *Stories of the Danube (Polygram, 1996) *Mauthausen - Vom großen Sterben hören (ESC-Records, 2000) [3] *Faces & Places (ESC-Records, 2002) *Brown Street (2006) *Music For Two Pianos - mit Friedrich Gulda: Brahms' Variationen über ein Thema von Haydn / WDR Big Band Köln (Capriccio, 2006)

*The Immigrants (Columbia, 1988) *Black Water (Columbia, 1989) *Lost Tribes (Columbia, 1992) *World Tour (ESC, 1997) *Joe Zawinul & The Zawinul Syndicate - Vienna Nights - Live at Joe Zawinul’s Birdland (BirdJAM 2005)

*Joe Zawinul website *Obituary from The Times *Profile of Joe Zawinul by Guardian writer and Unknown Public editor John L. Walters *Official Joe Zawinul website *Zawinul Online *Rolling Stone's Joe Zawinul Page *BBC's Profile of Joe Zawinul *Joe Zawinul Portal *"Birdland", the jazz club owned by Zawinul in Vienna, Austria *Jazz Police's review of "Brown Street", Joe Zawinul's latest release *Joe Zawinul backstage at his club "Birdland" in Vienna, Austria - by Johann Marcus Streitner *See Zawinul Story for what happened during the Malibu Fire with the Weather Report Concert Recordings Tapes *Joe Zawinul Died at age 75 *Public Tribute and Obituary

*In-Depth Interview with Anil Prasad of Innerviews