Fonda visited
Hanoi in July 1972. Among other statements, she repeated the
North Vietnamese claim that the United States had been
deliberately targeting the dike system along the Red River stating that “I believe in my heart, profoundly, that the dikes are being bombed on purpose”. Columnist Joseph Kraft who was also touring North Vietnam, believed that the damage to the dikes was incidental and was being used as propaganda by Hanoi, and that if the U.S. Air Force were "truly going after the dikes, it would do so in a methodical, not a harum-scarum way."
In Vietnam, Fonda was photographed seated on an
anti-aircraft battery used against American aircrews. She also participated in several radio broadcasts on behalf of the Communist regime, asking US aircrews to consider the consequences of their actions. In her 2005 autobiography, she states that she was manipulated into sitting on the battery, and claims to have been immediately horrified at the implications of the pictures. Fonda says that it was not what was in her heart at all, and wasn't the reason why she was even there. She was there to film evidence of the Nixon Administration's plan to blow up the dikes (a plan that Fonda says "Johnson, to his credit decided not to do"), and the lie the administration had been giving to the public, that troop returns were imminent. She expressed regret for her actions many times over the years, but some Americans remain hostile to her. "I've learned that a picture does not capture what was actually in your heart."
During this visit she also visited American
prisoners of war (POWs), and brought back messages from them to their families. When cases of torture began to emerge among POWs returning to the United States, Fonda called the returning POWs "hypocrites and liars." She added, "These were not men who had been tortured. These were not men who had been starved. These were not men who had been brainwashed." On the subject of torture in general, Fonda told
The New York Times in 1973, "I'm quite sure that there were incidents of torture... but the pilots who were saying it was the policy of the Vietnamese and that it was systematic, I believe that's a lie." Several American POWs and other eyewitnesses, including former POW and current US Senator
John McCain, disagree with this sentiment.
The POW camp visits also led to persistent stories—decades later circulated widely on the Internet and via email—that the POWs she met had spat on her, or attempted to sneak notes to her which she had then reported to the North Vietnamese, leading to further abuse. These claims have been debunked by
Snopes.com by talking to the ex-POWs named in the stories.
Although Fonda's actions in July 1972 did not receive widespread coverage at the time (
The New York Times, for example, ran only a brief UPI story and no photograph), her trip was perceived by many as an unpatriotic display of aid and comfort to the enemy, with some characterizing it as
treason; the Nixon Administration, however, dismissed calls for legal action against her. Years later, she was labeled as
Hanoi Jane by her critics and compared to war propagandists
Tokyo Rose and
Hanoi Hannah.
In 1972, Fonda funded and organized the
Indochina Peace Campaign. It continued to mobilize antiwar activists across the nation after the 1973
Paris Peace Agreement, when most other antiwar organizations closed down.