:For another use, see Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen

The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (Leopold George Duncan Albert; 7 April 1853 – 28 March 1884) was a member of the British Royal Family, a son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Leopold was later created the Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow. He was diagnosed with haemophilia as a baby, which later led to his death as an adult.

Leopold was born on 7 April 1853 at Buckingham Palace, London. His mother was Queen Victoria, the reigning British monarch. His father was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. During labour, Queen Victoria chose to use chloroform and thus sanctioned the use of anesthesia recently developed by James Young Simpson. As a son of the British sovereign, the newborn was styled His Royal Highness The Prince Leopold at birth. His parents named him Leopold after his great uncle, King Leopold I of the Belgians.

He was baptised in the Private Chapel of Buckingham Palace on 28 June 1853 by John Bird Sumner, Archbishop of Canterbury and his godparents were the King of Hanover, Princess Augusta of Prussia, Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge and the Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

Leopold inherited the disease of haemophilia from his mother, Queen Victoria, and spent most of childhood as a semi-invalid. Evidence exists that Leopold was also a mild epileptic.

In 1872, Prince Leopold, entered Christ Church, Oxford where he studied a variety of subjects. He left the university with an honorary doctorate in civil law (DCL) in 1876. Prince Leopold travelled in Europe and 1880, he toured Canada and the United States with his sister, Princess Louise, whose husband John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne was the Governor General of Canada. Incapable of pursuing a military career because of his illness, Prince Leopold instead became a patron of the arts and literature, and served as an unofficial secretary to his mother. Later he pursued appointments as Governor-General of both Canada and Australia, but was rejected in part due to his health problems.

Prince Leopold was created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow on 24 May 1881.

Prince Leopold, stifled by the desire of his mother, Queen Victoria, to keep him at home, saw marriage as his only hope of independence. Due to his haemophilia, he had difficulty finding a wife. The heiress, Daisy Maynard, was one of the women he considered as a possible bride. It has been suggested that he considered Alice Liddell, the daughter of the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford for whom Lewis Carroll wrote Alice in Wonderland, though others suggest that he preferred her sister Edith. Leopold did become godfather of Alice's second son, who was named for him.

Leopold also considered his second cousin Princess Frederica of Hanover for a bride; they instead became lifelong friends and confidantes. Other brides he pursued included Victoria of Baden and Caroline of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.

After rejection from these women, Leopold's mother stepped in to prevent what she saw as unsuitable possibilities. Insisting that the children of British monarchs should marry into other reigning Protestant families, Victoria suggested a meeting with Princess Helene Friederike, the daughter of Georg Victor, reigning Prince of Waldeck-Pyrmont. On 27 April 1882, Leopold and Helena were married, at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Leopold and Helena enjoyed a happy (although brief) marriage, which produced two children.

Prince Leopold had haemophilia and went to Cannes on doctor's orders in February 1884: joint pain is a common symptom of haemophilia and the winter climate in England was always difficult for him. His wife, pregnant at the time, stayed home but urged him to go. On 27 March he slipped and fell in the Yacht Club in Villa Nevada, Cannes, in France, injuring his knee and he died in the early hours of the next morning, apparently from the effects of the morphine he had been given and the claret that was served with his supper. He was buried in the Albert Memorial Chapel at Windsor. His posthumous son, Prince Charles, succeeded him as 2nd Duke of Albany upon birth. In 1900, Charles Edward succeeded his uncle, Alfred, as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Through Charles Edward, Leopold is the great-grandfather of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, the current King of Sweden.

*7 April 1853–24 May 1881: His Royal Highness The Prince Leopold *24 May 1881–28 March 1884: His Royal Highness The Duke of Albany

*KG: Knight of the Garter (1869) *KT: Knight of the Thistle (1871) *GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George *GCSI: Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India

In the romantic comedy film, Kate & Leopold, the latter is a British Duke who goes to New York. He also holds the title Duke of Albany. However, his family surname is Mountbatten, the surname which only entered the royal family through the husband of the present queen. However, it was first borne by Leopold's niece. Bizarrely, the Leopold character is credited with having invented the passenger lift.

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