Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Duchess in Saxony (4 August, 1713 - 29 June, 1761) was a member of the reigning family of Mecklenburg-Strelitz during the 18th century.

She was born a daughter of Ernst Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1681 – 1724) and his wife Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach (1683 - 1742).

On 5 February, 1735, Elizabeth was married to Karl Ludwig Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Herr of Mirow (23 February, 1707 - 5 June, 1752) , the youngest son of Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and half-brother to Adolf Friedrich III. They became parents to ten children: *Christiane, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (6 December, 1735 - 31 August, 1794). *Karoline, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (22 December, 1736). *Adolf Friedrich IV of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (5 May, 1738 - 2 June, 1794). *Elizabeth Christine, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (13 April, 1739 - 9 April, 1741). *Sophie Louise, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (16 May, 1740 - 31 January, 1742). *Karl of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (10 October, 1741 - 6 November, 1816). Father of Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. *Ernst Gottlob Albert, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (27 August, 1742 - 27 January, 1814). *Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (19 May, 1744 - 17 November, 1818). She became Queen consort to George III of the United Kingdom. *Gotthelf, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (29 October - 31 October, 1745). *Georg August, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (16 August, 1748 - 14 November, 1785).

Her paternity has been questioned by genealogists (some claim she was the daughter of Abram Petrovich Gannibal) but her maternal descent has been traced with certainty to Margarita de Castro e Souza, a Portuguese noblewoman of the 15th century. Castro could trace her own descent to Afonso III of Portugal and a mistress of his called Madragana (Mor Afonso), daughter of the Mozarab (Iberian Christians living under Muslim domination) governor of Faro, Aloandro Ben Bekar, who was of Davidic Jewish descent through Yahia Ben Rabbi (said to be a direct descendent of the Exilarchs of Babylon).

A simplified descent can be described below.

Elizabeth was an eighth-generation descendant of Margarita de Castro e Sousa (d. 1483). Margarita was married to Jean II, count of Neufchetel (c. 1414 - 1489) and was mother to his heir Fernando de Neufchetel, Count of Neufchatel-Marnay (c. 1477 - 1522).

Fernando was married to Claude de Vergy (c. 1476 - 1512). They were parents to daughter Antoinette de Neufchettel (d. 1544). Antoinette became consort to Philippe de Salm-Dhaun (1492 - 1521).

They were parents to (among others) Marguerite de Salm-Dhaun (1521 - 1576). Marguerite was a consort of Eberhard XIV von Erbach (1511 - 1564). They were parents to his successor Georg III, Count of Erbach (1548 - 1605).

Georg III was married twice. His second wife Mary von Barby, Countess of Barby-Muhlingen (1563 - 1619) was mother to his successor Georg Albrecht I, Count of Erbach (1597 - 1647/1649).

Georg Albrecht I was married to Elizabeth Dorothea, Princess of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1617 - 1655). They were parents to his successor Georg Ludwig I, Count of Erbach (1643 - 1693).

Georg Ludwig I was married to Amalie Katharine, Princess of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1640 - c. 1699). They were the maternal grandparents of Elizabeth Albertine.