Photograph of Carole Lombard.
Carole Lombard

Overview

Carole Lombard (October 6, 1908January 16, 1942), born Jane Alice Peters in Fort Wayne, Indiana, was an Oscar-nominated American actress. She was particularly noted for her comedic roles in several classic films of the 1930s.

Ancestry and early life

Her parents were Frederick C. Peters and Elizabeth Knight. Lombard's paternal grandfather, John Claus Peters, was the son of German immigrants, Claus Peters and Caroline Catherine Eberlin. One distant branch of Lombard's mother's family originated in England; her ancestors John and Martha Cheney emigrated to North America in 1634.

She was the youngest of three children. She spent her early childhood in a sprawling, two-story house at 704 Rockhill Street in Fort Wayne, near the St. Mary's River. Her parents divorced and her mother took the three children to Los Angeles in 1914, where Lombard eventually attended Fairfax High School. She was elected "May Queen" in 1924. She quit school to pursue acting full time, but graduated from Fairfax in 1927.

Career

Lombard made her film debut at the age of twelve after she was seen playing baseball in the street by director Allan Dwan; he cast her as a tomboy in A Perfect Crime (1921). In the 1920s, she worked in several low-budget productions credited as 'Jane Peters', and then later as 'Carol Lombard'. In 1925, she was signed as a contract player with Fox Film Corporation (which merged with Daryl Zanuck's Twentieth Century Productions in 1935). She also worked for Mack Sennett and Pathé Pictures. She became a well-known actress and made a smooth transition to sound films, starting with High Voltage (1929). In 1930, she began working for Paramount Pictures.

Lombard became one of Hollywood's top comedy actresses in the 1930s. Despite her glamorous looks, she was a natural comedienne, and was not afraid to look silly for the sake of being funny. In comedies like Twentieth Century (1934) directed by Howard Hawks, My Man Godfrey (1936) directed by Gregory La Cava, and Nothing Sacred (1937) directed by William A. Wellman, she received praise from critics and was described as one of the key exponents of screwball comedy. However, she played a dramatic role in Vigil in the Night, starring as Nurse Anne Lee opposite Brian Aherne. Produced by David O. Selznick, Nothing Sacred was her only film made in Technicolor. Lombard was offered the role of Ellie Andrews in It Happened One Night (1934), but the filming schedule conflicted with that of Bolero and she was unable to accept.

Personal life

In October 1930, she met William Powell. They married on June 26, 1931. Lombard commented to fan magazines that she did not believe their sixteen-year age difference would present a problem, but friends felt they were ill-suited, as Lombard had an extroverted personality while Powell was more reserved. They divorced in 1933, but remained friends and worked together without acrimony, notably in My Man Godfrey. She was linked romantically to crooner Russ Columbo until his accidental death late in 1934.

Lombard carried on an affair with Clark Gable from the mid-1930s. The relationship had to be kept quiet because he was still married to his second wife, Ria. Gable was finally divorced from her on March 7, 1939. Gable and Lombard married shortly after on March 29. They bought a ranch, previously owned by director Raoul Walsh, in San Fernando Valley, California. They called each other "Ma" and "Pa", and lived a happy, unpretentious life. To all who knew Gable, she was the love of his life.

Off-screen, she was much loved for her unpretentious personality and well known for her earthy sense of humor. She loved playing pranks during filming, and once joked about husband Gable (widely acknowledged the "King of Hollywood"), "If his pee-pee was one inch shorter, they'd be calling him the Queen of Hollywood."

Lombard was a second generation Bahá'í who formally declared her membership in 1938.

Death

When the US entered World War II at the end of 1941, Lombard travelled to her home state of Indiana for a war bond rally. At four o'clock (04:00 local time) on the morning of Friday, January 16 1942, Lombard and her mother boarded a Trans World Airlines DC-3 airplane to return to California. After refueling in Las Vegas, Flight 3 took off on a clear night. However, beacons in the area had been blacked out because of the war, and the plane was 6.7 miles (10.8 km) off course. Twenty-three minutes after takeoff, the plane crashed into "Double Up Peak" near the 8,300-foot (2500 meter) level of Mount Potosi, 32 miles (52 km) southwest of Las Vegas. All 22 passengers were killed. A plaque marked the spot, but was stolen sometime in 2007

Just before boarding the plane, Carole had addressed her fans, saying: "Before I say goodbye to you all, come on and join me in a big cheer! V for Victory!" President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who admired her patriotism, declared her the first woman killed in the line of duty during the war and posthumously awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Shortly after her death at the age of thirty-three, Gable (who was inconsolable and devastated by her loss) joined the United States Army Air Forces, serving as a gunner on a bomber on combat missions over Europe. The Liberty ship SS Lombard was named for her and Gable attended its launch on January 15 1944.

Her final film, To Be or Not to Be, directed by Ernst Lubitsch and co-starring Jack Benny, a satire about Nazism and World War II, was in post-production at the time of her death. The film's producers decided to cut the part of the film in which her character asks "What can happen in a plane?" as they felt it was in poor taste, given the circumstances of Lombard's death. A similar editing instance happened when the 1940 Warner Brother cartoon A Wild Hare was reissued. Lombard's name was originally mentioned in a game of "Guess Who" between Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd, but all reissue prints have the name dubbed over with Barbara Stanwyck's.

On January 18 1942, Jack Benny did not perform his usual program, both out of respect for Lombard and grief at her death. Instead, he devoted his program to an all-music format.

Lombard is interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. The name on her crypt marker is "Carole Lombard Gable". Although Gable remarried, he was interred next to her when he died in 1960. Her mother, Elizabeth Peters, who also perished in the plane crash that killed her daughter, was interred on the other side of her.

Awards and honors

In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Lombard 23rd on its list of the 50 greatest American female screen legends. She received one Academy Award for Best Actress nomination, for My Man Godfrey. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6930 Hollywood Blvd.

Her Fort Wayne childhood home has been designated a historic landmark. The city named the nearby bridge over the St. Mary's River the "Carole Lombard Memorial Bridge."

Filmography

Features
*A Perfect Crime (1921) *Gold Heels (1924) *Dick Turpin (1925) *Marriage in Transit (1925) *Gold and the Girl (1925) *Hearts and Spurs (1925) *Durand of the Bad Lands (1925) *The Plastic Age (1925) *The Road to Glory (1926) *The Johnstown Flood (1926) *The Fighting Eagle (1927) *My Best Girl (1927) *The Divine Sinner (1928) *Power (1928) *Me, Gangster (1928) *Show Folks (1928) *Ned McCobb's Daughter (1928) *High Voltage (1929) *Big News (1929) *The Racketeer (1929) *Dynamite (1929) *The Arizona Kid (1930) *Safety in Numbers (1930) *Fast and Loose (1930) *It Pays to Advertise (1931) *Man of the World (1931) *Ladies' Man (1931) *Up Pops the Devil (1931) *I Take This Woman (1931) *No One Man (1932)

*Sinners in the Sun (1932) *Virtue (1932) *No More Orchids (1932) *No Man of Her Own (1932) *From Hell to Heaven (1933) *Supernatural (1933) *The Eagle and the Hawk (1933) *Brief Moment (1933) *White Woman (1933) *Bolero (1934) *We're Not Dressing (1934) *Twentieth Century (1934) *Now and Forever (1934) *Lady by Choice (1934) *The Gay Bride (1935) *Rumba (1935) *Hands Across the Table (1935) *Love Before Breakfast (1936) *The Princess Comes Across (1936) *My Man Godfrey (1936) *Swing High, Swing Low (1937) *Nothing Sacred (1937) *True Confession (1937) *Fools for Scandal (1938) *Made for Each Other (1939) *In Name Only (1939) *Vigil in the Night (1940) *They Knew What They Wanted (1940) *Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941) *To Be or Not to Be (1942)
Short Subjects
*Smith's Pony (1927) *Gold Digger of Weepah (1927) *The Girl from Everywhere (1927) *The Beach Club (1928) *Run, Girl, Run (1928) *Smith's Army Life (1928) *The Best Man (1928) *The Swim Princess (1928) *The Bicycle Flirt (1928) *Smith's Restaurant (1928) *The Girl from Nowhere (1928)

*His Unlucky Night (1928) *The Campus Vamp (1928) *Motorboat Mamas (1928) *Matchmaking Mamma (1929) *Don't Get Jealous (1929) *Hollywood on Parade No. 11 (1933) *The Fashion Side of Hollywood (1935) *Hollywood Goes to Town (1938) *Screen Snapshots: Stars on Horseback (1939) *Picture People No. 10: Hollywood at Home (1942)

References

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That biography says:

...This film was one of the first to speak out against Hitler. As a youth, Stack admitted that he had a crush on Carole Lombard and in 1942 he appeared with her in To Be or Not To Be. He admitted he was terrified going into this role...

That biography says:

...He worked opposite many of the screen's foremost leading ladies, including Greta Garbo, Katharine Hepburn, Joan Crawford, and Carole Lombard. In 1933, Barrymore appeared as a Jewish attorney in the title role of Counsellor-at-Law. As critic Pauline Kael later wrote, he "seems an unlikely choice for the ghetto-born lawyer...but this is one of the few screen roles that reveal his measure as an actor...

That biography says:

...It was around this time, while emceeing a vaudeville show in Chicago, he decided to introduce a sister act, The Gumm Sisters, to laughs from the audience. When he reintroduced the singing trio as The Garland Sisters (after Carole Lombard's character in the film Twentieth Century) the name stuck. Youngest sister Frances named herself Judy after a popular Rudy Vallee song and went onto become one of the most legendary film and recording stars of the last century...

That biography says:

*Queen of the Night Clubs (1929) with Texas Guinan *Gold Diggers of Broadway (1929) *Side Street (1929) with Tom Moore, Owen Moore, and Matt Moore (Raft unbilled dancer) *Quick Millions (1931) with Spencer Tracy and Marguerite Churchill *Goldie (1931) with Spencer Tracy and Jean Harlow *Hush Money (1931) with Joan Bennett and Myrna Loy *Palmy Days (1931) with Eddie Cantor *Scarface (1932) with Paul Muni and Ann Dvorak (Raft flips the nickel in his breakthrough role) *Love Is a Racket (1932) (scenes deleted) *Madame Racketeer (1932) with Alison Skipworth and Richard Bennett *Night World (1932) with Lew Ayres, Mae Clarke, and Boris Karloff *Dancers in the Dark (1932) with Miriam Hopkins *Taxi! (1932) with James Cagney *Winner Take All (1932) with James Cagney *Night After Night (1932) with Mae West as a fictionalized Texas Guinan (Raft's 1st leading role) *Under Cover Man (1932) with Nancy Carroll *If I Had a Million (1932; Raft plays a forger who can't cash his million dollar check) *Pick-Up (1933) with Sylvia Sidney *The Bowery (1933) with Wallace Beery, Fay Wray, and Pert Kelton (Raft 2nd billed) *The Midnight Club (1933) with Clive Brook (Raft 2nd billed) *The Trumpet Blows (1934) with Adolphe Menjou *All of Me (1934) with Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins (Raft 3rd billed) *Bolero (1934) with Carole Lombard and Ray Milland (besides Scarface, Raft's signature film) *Limehouse Blues (1934) with Anna May Wong *Every Night at Eight (1935) with Alice Faye and Frances Langford *The Glass Key (1935) with Edward Arnold *She Couldn't Take It (1935) with Joan Bennett *Stolen Harmony (1935) with Lloyd Nolan and William Cagney *Rumba (1935) with Carole Lombard *Yours for the Asking (1936) with Dolores Costello and Ida Lupino *It Had to Happen (1936) with Rosalind Russell *Souls at Sea (1937) with Gary Cooper (Raft 2nd billed) *You and Me (1938) with Sylvia Sidney (with bizarre musical interludes by Kurt Weill) *Spawn of the North (1938) with Henry Fonda and John Barrymore *I Stole a Million (1939) with Claire Trevor *The Lady's from Kentucky (1939) with Ellen Drew *Each Dawn I Die (1939) with James Cagney (Raft 2nd billed) *The House Across the Bay (1940) with Joan Bennett *They Drive by Night (1940) with Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Humphrey Bogart *Invisible Stripes (1940) with William Holden and Humphrey Bogart *Manpower (1941) with Edward G...

That biography says:

...While on the Darmouth football team, he was hired to play a football extra in the 1926 film The Quarterback. In 1930 he played the romantic lead in Fast and Loose, which also featured Miriam Hopkins, Carole Lombard and Frank Morgan. After that, he was very active for the next two years but his roles were unremarkable...

This biography says:

In October 1930, she met William Powell. They married on June 26, 1931. Lombard commented to fan magazines that she did not believe their sixteen-year age difference would present a problem, but friends felt they were ill-suited, as Lombard had an extroverted personality while Powell was more reserved...

That biography says:

...In 1931, Powell married actress Carole Lombard. The marriage lasted just over two years. They were divorced in 1933, though they too remained on good terms, even starring together in My Man Godfrey three years later...

That biography says:

...High Voltage (1929) was a box-office success and Ellis' first full talking picture. It is also notable as the first "talkie" made by Carole Lombard. Ellis's final film, Laughter (1930), featured her in a romantic triangle along with Fredric March and Nancy Carroll...

That biography says:

...Critics agree that her acting was flat, that she was unable to dominate the camera, and that she was generally outclassed by Dietrich, Carole Lombard, and others. She rented a home at 1712 Stanley Street, in Hollywood, and began hosting parties that were said to "have no boundaries." On September 9, 1932, she was featured on the cover of Film Weekly...

That biography says:

...Temple also made pictures with Carole Lombard, Gary Cooper, Adolphe Menjou, and many others. Arthur Treacher appeared as a kindly butler in several of Temple's films.

This biography says:

...Her final film, To Be or Not to Be, directed by Ernst Lubitsch and co-starring Jack Benny, a satire about Nazism and World War II, was in post-production at the time of her death...

That biography says:

...Lubitsch went independent to direct That Uncertain Feeling (1941, a remake of his 1925 film Kiss Me Again), and the dark anti-Nazi farce To Be or Not to Be (1942), which was Jack Benny's only major screen success and Carole Lombard's last picture....

This biography says:

Lombard made her film debut at the age of twelve after she was seen playing baseball in the street by director Allan Dwan; he cast her as a tomboy in A Perfect Crime (1921). In the 1920s, she worked in several low-budget productions credited as 'Jane Peters', and then later as 'Carol Lombard'...

This biography says:

...However, she played a dramatic role in Vigil in the Night, starring as Nurse Anne Lee opposite Brian Aherne. Produced by David O. Selznick, Nothing Sacred was her only film made in Technicolor. Lombard was offered the role of Ellie Andrews in It Happened One Night (1934), but the filming schedule conflicted with that of Bolero and she was unable to accept.

That biography says:

...I can't see myself doing Shakespeare." She spoke of her hopes of finding a niche in comedy, and in other interviews she expressed her desire to become "a light comedienne in the Carole Lombard style". She discussed the type of contemporary actress she wanted to emulate and explained that there were two in particular that she was influenced by: Faye Dunaway and Catherine Deneuve...

That biography says:

...Taylor and Stanwyck were one of the Hollywood's "golden couples" and were good friends with another famous couple, Clark Gable and Carole Lombard. The marriage had its ups and downs, lasting from 1939 to 1951....

That biography says:

...In 1952 he won the Best Actor Emmy (Comedy Actor category), and the following year a Tony Award for best performance by an actor in the musical "Hazel Flagg" (based on the Carole Lombard film Nothing Sacred)....

That biography says:

...Warner *1938 – The Citadel – directed by King Vidor, featuring Robert Donat, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Richardson, and Rex Harrison *1940 – Vigil in the Night – directed by George Stevens, featuring Carole Lombard, Brian Aherne, Anne Shirley, and Robert Coote *1940 – The Stars Look Down – directed by Carol Reed, narrated by Lionel Barrymore (US version), featuring Michael Redgrave, Margaret Lockwood, Emlyn Williams, Nancy Price, and Cecil Parker *1941 – Shining Victory (from play, Jupiter Laughs) – directed by Irving Rapper, featuring James Stephenson, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Donald Crisp, Barbara O'Neil, and Bette Davis *1942 – Hatter's Castle – directed by Lance Comfort, featuring Robert Newton, Deborah Kerr, James Mason, Emlyn Williams, and Enid Stamp-Taylor *1944 – The Keys of the Kingdom – directed by John M...

That biography says:

During her childhood, Madonna became fascinated by films and film stars, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny...and I saw myself in them...my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence"...

That biography says:

In 1938, upon the release of the movie Nothing Sacred, Baals declared the Carole Lombard House at 704 Rockhill Street a landmark....
How is Carole Lombard connected to Bette Davis? Tell the world.

That biography says:

...She and Olivia de Havilland secretly met with Cukor at night and on weekends for his advice about how they should play their parts. She befriended Clark Gable, his wife Carole Lombard and de Havilland, but she clashed with Leslie Howard, with whom she was required to play several emotional scenes...

That biography says:

...Off-screen, Dietrich did get her man, but the affair was short-lived. Made for Each Other (1939) had Stewart sharing the screen with irrepressible Carole Lombard in a melodrama that garnered good reviews for both stars, but did less well with the public. Newsweek wrote that they were "perfectly cast in the leading roles."Between movies, Stewart began a radio career and became a distinctive voice on the ”Lux Radio Hour’’, the ’’Screen Guild Theater”, and other radio shows...
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