Photograph of Faisal II of Iraq.
Faisal II of Iraq

Overview

Faisal II (Arabic: الملك فيصل الثاني Fayṣal) (May 2, 1935July 14, 1958) was Iraq's last king. He reigned from 4 April, 1939 until he was killed during a coup d'état.

Family and early life

He was the only son of the second king of Iraq, Ghazi, who was killed in a mysterious motor car accident when Faisal was three. For most of his reign, his uncle 'Abd al-Ilah ruled as regent until Faisal came of age in 1953.

As a teenager, Faisal attended Harrow School in the United Kingdom with his cousin King Hussein of Jordan. The two boys were close and, reportedly, planned even then to merge their two realms to counter what they considered the threat of militant pan-Arab nationalism.

On February 1 1958, neighbouring Syria joined with Nasser's Egypt to form the United Arab Republic. This prompted the Hashemite kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan to strengthen their position by establishing a similar defence. Just two weeks later, on February 14, this was signed into existence as the Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan. Faisal, as the senior member of the Hashemite family, became head of state. However, the reign of Faisal, together with the new state, came to an end a mere five months later. During the summer Hussein asked for Iraqi military assistance in Jordan.

Killing

On 14 July 1958, when Colonel Abdul Karim Qassim took control of the Kingdom of Iraq by a coup d'etat, the Royal family was ordered to leave their Palace in Baghdad. The group consisted of King Faisal II; Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah; Princess Hiyam, Abdul Ilah's wife; Princess Nafeesa, Abdul Ilah’s mother, Princess Abadiya, the king’s aunt; and several servants.

When all of them had congregated in the courtyard they were told to turn towards the Palace wall, they were all then executed by firing squad under the command of Captain Abdus Sattar As Sab, a member of the coup d'état led by Colonel Abdul Karim Qassim. Nuri as-Said, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Iraq, was subsequently killed by Qassim's supporters on 15 July, 1958.

Military ranks

Faisal held the following rankshttp://4dw.net/royalark/Iraq/iraq2.htm: *Admiral of the Fleet, Royal Iraqi Navy *Field Marshal, Royal Iraqi Army *Marshal of the Royal Iraqi Air Force *Air Vice-Marshal (honorary), Royal Air Force

See also

* Prince Ra'ad, head of the royal house of Iraq * Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein - The cousin of Faisal II that currently lives in Iraq and has a political platform to establish a constitutional monarchy in Iraq. * Nuri as-Said - The Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Iraq that was also executed by supporters of Colonel Abdul Karim Qassim.

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...In 1958, a year after Saddam had joined the Ba'ath party, army officers led by General Abdul Karim Qassim overthrew Faisal II of Iraq. The Ba'athists opposed the new government, and in 1959, Saddam was involved in the attempted United States-backed plot to assassinate Qassim.
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That biography says:

After the loss of Mecca, Sharif Ali's parents settled in Iraq where Badia's sister was queen consort and he was born in Iraq and his maternal first cousin was Faisal II of Iraq, the last king of Iraq....

That biography says:

...When Gaylani was again appointed prime minister in 1940, Iraq had just experienced the premature death of King Ghazi and a weakened regency for the new four-year-old King Faisal II of Iraq under his uncle, Emir Abdul-Illah. While Abdul-Illah supported Britain in the war, he was unable to control Gaylani, who used the war to further his own nationalist goals by refusing to allow troops to cross through Iraq to the front...
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